Gyratory crusher



Nov. 4, 1930. R. BERNH ARD 1 8 GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed Jan. 12, 1924 2sheots -sheet 2 INVENTOR:

flaws vs I $5; liar/A.

A HZ Z Patented Nov. 4, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RICHARDBERNHARD, OF ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR '10 TRAYLOR EN- GINEERING& MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, A

CORPORATION OF DELAWARE GYRATORY CRUSHER Application filed January 12,1924. Serial No. es5,77e.

My invent-ion relates to gyratory crushers, and is concerned withlubrication of thelr eccentrics. I aim to provide thoroughly effectiveand=reliable lubrication, and to ob-' the mechanism that drives theeccentric, in-

cluding the gearing just referred to. All this can be accomplished byoil raised from a bath or reservoir below the gear teeth by the mot-ionof parts of the crusher itself,

,ing broken away and omitted.

without necessity for pumps,which have hitherto been employed in suchcases.

How these and other results and advantages can be realized through theinvention in a novel and very simple manner will appear from thedescription hereinafter of a selected and preferred embodiment.

In the drawings, Fig. I shows a vertical section through a gyratorycrusher with lubricating system and dust-excluding means convenientlyembodying my invention,- the upper part of the crusher structure be-Fig. II is a similar fragmentary view of some of the parts shown in Fig.I, one of these parts appearing in elevation instead of in section.

Fig. III is a plan view of some of the parts shown in Figs. I and II,with others in horizontal section as indicated by the line IIIIII inFig. I.

Fig. IV is a fragmentary view, partly in section, similar to Fig. I,illustrating a somewhat difi'erentconstruction; and,

Fig. V is a fragmentary view similar to Figs. I and IV, illustratingcertain simplifications of the construction shown i'h Fig. I.

Fig. I shows a conventional form of gyratory crusher, with casing 10 andwith gyratory member comprising crusher shaft 14 (fulcrumed or suspendedfor vertical ad justment in any suitable manner, not shown) and its head15. The casing structui? 10 has a central bearing hub 16 for therevolving eccentric, 17 that actuates the lower end of the shaft 14 toproduce the gyratory crushing motion of the head 15. The eccentric 17 isdriven by connections and mechanism including a horizontal counter-shaft19 ournaled in a bearing 20 in the casing structure 10, a bevel pinion21 on the "inner end of the shaft 19, and a cooperating bevel gear 22fast to the lower end of the eccentric 17. The lower end of the shaft 14is equipped with a sleeve 24 for accommodating its vertical adjustmentand its gyratory wobble, loosely keyed to the shaft at 25 and working inthe bore of the eccentric 17. Contrar to usual practice, the lower endof the sha t sleeve 24 is closed. I

In the operation of this or any other gyratory type of crusher, theshaft 14 does not rotate with the eccentric 17, but merely wobbles asthe latter revolves. Hence lubrication is needed for both inner andouter bearing surfaces of the eccentric 17,as well as for its drivingmechanism. The crushed material falls from the narrow opening betweenthe head 15 and the casing 10 on its way to discharge, so that dust isalways present in this region, ready to enter any openings between fixedand gyratory parts and find its way to any bearings or other operatingparts thus accessible.

Still referring to Fig. I, it will be seen that in the present instancethe structure 10 has a chamber 26 whose lower portion affords a-- oilreservoir is mainly formed by a detach able basin or pan-like structure27, and the shaft sleeve part 24 is supported by a frusto conicalbearing boss 28 upstanding from the bottom ofthis pan 27, in the midstof the oil bath. To lubricate the eccentric 17 etc., oil is continuallyelevated from the bath and delivered or distributed to the varioussurfaces requiring lubrication,and ultimate- 1y allowed to return to thebath by gravity, for recirculation.

In the present instance, the means for elevating the oil comprises oneor more inclined grooves at the cooperating hearing surfaces of theeccentric 17 and the shaft part 24, extending helically in the part 24from one end to the other, at about a 45 angle, say. The lower end 31 ofthe groove 30 is flared or deepened considerably in aradial direction,to aid in assuring a free and ample intake of oil. Even when the crusheris not in operation, the oil naturally extends up into the groove 30 tothe level of the supply bath in thechamber 26; and when the crusher isrunning, the inclination of the groove 30 and the revolution of theeccentric 17 cooperate .to raise oil through the groove 30 to its upperend. In the first place, friction of the oil-with the eccentric boreresults in a scraping of the oil upward by the inclined lower edge ofthe groove 30. Thus the groove 30 is activated as an elevating means bythe revolution of the eccentric 1 7 and the eccentric 17 is enabled toraise oil by the presence of saidgroove. However, the gyratory motion ofthe sleeve member 24 and of the interior of the eccentric 17 is the realefficient cause in raising the oil, by virtue of the gyratory throwgiven the oil. It is this throw, in other 'words, that. causes the oilto mount in the inclined groove; since the rate of revolution oftheeccentric v17 of the gyratory crusher is naturally too slow alone tofeed the oil upward adequately against gravity by mere friction with theeccentric,as in fans, centrifugal machines, etc., where inclined groovesin or associated with high speed shafts havebeen proposed forlubrication.

Thus the oil is taken and raised by a direct,

- progressive action, as a result of the revolution of theparts 24 and17, and (in the present instance) at one single stage or lift.

On its way up through the groove 30, the oil is delivered anddistributed over the cooperating bearing surfaces of eccentric 17 top ofthe eccentric 17, one of the parts ispreferably provided with suitabledeflecting means for breaking the force of the oil, here shown as asquare-bottomed flange or shoulder on the crusher shaft 14. From theannular chamber 34. the oil isdelivered and distributed to various othersurfaces re quiring lubrication: to the exterior of eccentric 17 throughports 36 therein that deliver into an annular channel 16 in the hub 16and one or more vertical grooves 17 in the eccentric; to the interior ofshaft sleeve 24 through the clearance 24 between it and the conicalportion of the crusher shaft 14 below the crusher head 15; and to thecounter-shaft bearing 20 through the openings '36 and a sloping passageor duct 37 in the structure 10, that discharges into a cup 38 on the topofthe bearing 20. From the pool in this cup 38, part of the oil entersthe bearing through its opening 38, as usual in such cases, while theexcess overflows and returns to the reservoir 27 through an opening inthe wall 39 that supports the inner end of the bearing 20. '1

To insure an effective supply and distribution of oil to the exterior ofthe eccentric 17 the upper edge of the opening '37 may be made higher(by an inch or less, say) than the top of said eccentric and the shaftsleeve 24. so as to serve as an overflow or dam'for maintaining a poolor puddle of oil over the upper end of the oil groove 17. For the samepurpose,and to assure a supply to the passage 37,the outlet 17 from thelower end of the groove 17 (between the lower end of the hub 16 and thetop of the gear 22) may be constricted, so that the groove 17 shallalways be completely full of oil, clear up to the pool in the chamber34. The oil issuing ina leak or trickle from the groove outlet 17 runsover the teeth of the gear 22, thus lubricating the latter, as well asthe pinion 21.

As already mentioned, all the oil elevated ultimately returns by gravityto the oil bath. In the present case, the pan-like structure 27 not onlyserves the purposes of an oil reservoir, but also carries a flat bearingring 40 on which the gear 22 and the associated parts are supported forrevolution. Accordingly. the structure 27 has an apertured inner annularwall 42 upstanding from its bottom, with an apertured horizontal annularweb 43 extending between the same and the outer pan wall to afford aseat for the ring 40. The ring 40 is held against displacement relativeto the eccentric 17, etc., by a depending flange or shoulder 44 at thelower end of the latter, around the shaft part 24. Thus the bearing ringis supported in the oil, and the latter has free access and passagearound the 'gear 22 and down around and under the ring 40 to the annularspace within the wall 42 around the boss 28.

Any preferred sealing means may be employed to exclude dust from theinner and outer eccentric bearings and the lubricating systemsuch, forexample, as that described and claimed in application, Serial No.685.763 filed Jan. 12, 1924, by me and John T. Hassjointly, entitledGyratory crusher, and assigned to the assignee of this application.

The construction shown in Fig. IV differs from that of Figs. I-III inhaving the part 24 section 24 is substantially like the lower portion ofthe member 24 in external form, and is operatively connected with theupper section (and the shaft 14) by any suitable means,-such as aloose-fitting diametral tongue and groove connection 24: at the lane ofdivision. The oil-raising groove 30 is divided between the sleevesections 2?, 24", but is in effect continuous from top to bottom, justas in Fig. 1. Any friction between the sections 24 24 will be amplylubricated by oil that will naturally find its way between them at 24".

\Vhatever its construction, the interconnecting means 24 is preferablymade so laterally yielding that while it causes relative rotation asbetween the memberor section 2 1* and the eccentric 17, no real lateralthrust will be transmitted from the crusher shaft to the lowermember24". Hence this latter will be practically free of lateral bearingpressure and wear, and the corresponding portion of the eccentric 17need not be babbitted. The member 24 may be cast as a hollow cylinderwith closed ends, for the-sake of lightness, and may be sealed up (afterremoval of the core used in casting it) to 8X-' elude oil from itsinterior.

This construction offers the advantage of a smaller and shorter wearingsleeve part, easier to manufacture, and of obviating all necessity forba-bbittins, the lower portion of the eccentric 17. It is thusespecially suitable and advantageous for very large crushers.

The construction shown in Fig. V differs from that of Figs. I-III inomitting the supplemental sleeve part 24 altogether. Accordingly, thelower end of the crusher shaft 14 has the external shape of the part24in Figs. I-III, and the groove 30 is formed directly in this integralportion-.of the shaft itself. To prevent impairment offthe oilraisingaction by bodily elevation of the groove 30 when the crusher shaft 14 isadjusted, said shaft 14 is shown of such ample length that the lower endof the groove 30 need never be lifted out of the oil bath. When thecrusher shaft 14 is suspended from its upper end, as above described,the bearing 28 of Figs. IIII is, of course, superfluous with this Fig. Vconstruction.

This simplified construction is especially adapted andadvantageous forcrushers of relatively small size.

In Figs. IV and V, various parts and features are marked with the samereference characters as in Figs. I-III, as a means of dispensing withmerely repetitive description.

Having thus described my invention, I clainr;

1. In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination withthe upright gyratory member of the crusher and its cooperatingeccentric, and the driving gears for the latter, of an oil bath belowthe gear teeth freely receiving the gravity drainage of oil from theparts above, and an inclined channel at the co-operating bearingsurfaces of the aforesaid co-operating parts opening directly into saidoil bath, so as to draw and elevate the oil therefrom to lubricate theeccentric and the gyratory member by virtue of the gyratory throw due totheir rotary and eccentric motion, notwithstanding the slow rate ofrevolution of the eccentric.

2. In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination withthe upright gyratory member of the crusher and its cooperatingeccentric, and the driving gears for the latter, of an oil bath belowthe gear teeth freely receiving the gravity drainage of oil from theparts above, and an inclined channel in said. gyratory member openingdirectly into said oil bath, so as to draw and elevate the oil therefromto lubricate the eccentric and the gyratory member by virtue of thegyratory throw due to their rotary and eccentric motion, notwithstandingthe slow rate of revolution of the eccentric.

3. In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination witha suspended upright gyratory crusher shaft and'its revolving eccentricand ,a sleeve on the shaft forming an extension thereof within theeccentric, of an oil reservoir about the lower ortions of said eccentricand sleeve and a Eearingsupport for the sleeve upstanding from thebottom of said reservoir, and means at the co-operating bearing surfacesof eccentric and sleeve for picking up and elevating oil from saidreservoir.

4:- In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination withthe upright gyratory member of the crusher and its eccentric, of amember in said eccentric forming a downward extension of said gyratorymembeer and operatively but yieldingly connected to the latter, so as toshare the relative rotation of eccentric and gyratory member withouttransmitting lateral thrust, an oil bath about said extension member,and an inclined channel at the co-operating bearing surfaces of saideccentric and said extension opening into said oil bath and extendingupward to said gyratory member, so as to draw and elevate the oil to thegyratory member and lubricate the same and the eccentric.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed 'my name at Allentown,Pennsylvania, this fourth day of January, 1924.

RICHARD BERNHARD.

